Phryne:

{{Stub (uk)}}
[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|United Kingdom]] > [[Family and Juvenile Law (uk)|Family and Juvenile law]]
[[Image:uk_flag.png|framed|]]
[[Category:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]][[Category:Constitutional law (uk)]]


* [[Divorce (Scotland)|Divorce in Scotland]]


=See also=
{{Find (uk)|divorce}}
* [[Family Law (Scotland)]]
* [[Custom]]
* [[Family law (int)|Family law (global)]]


[[de:Ehescheidung (uk)]]

Phryne: Created page with "{{stub (int)}} Main Page > International law > subject of international law framed| [[Category:Interna..."

{{stub (int)}}
[[Main Page]] > [[International law]] > [[subject of international law (int)|subject of international law]]
[[Image:international.png|framed|]]
[[Category:International law]]




=See also=
{{Find (int)|frontier}}
* [[International law]]
* [[State (int)|State]]
* [[Frontier safeguard (eu)|Frontier safeguard in Europe]]



[[de:Grenze (int)]]
[[fr:Frontière (int)]]
[[es:Frontera (int)]]

Phryne: Created page with "{{Stub}} Main Page > Jurisprudence framed| Category:Philosophy of law =See also= {{find (int)|taxonomy}} * Philosophy of law * [..."

{{Stub}}
[[Main Page]] > [[Jurisprudence]]
[[Image:international.png|framed|]]
[[Category:Philosophy of law]]





=See also=
{{find (int)|taxonomy}}
* [[Philosophy of law]]
* [[Jurisprudence]]
* [[Subsumption]]
* [[Syllogism]]
* [[Sentence]]
* [[Mediation]]


[[de:Taxonomie]]

Hughes-Jehan:

{{Stub}}
[[Main Page]] > [[Philosophy of law]] > [[Positivism]]
[[Image:international.png|framed|]]
[[Category:Philosophy of law]]



=See also=
{{find (de)|Legal positivism}}
* [[Positivism]]
* [[Natural law]]
* [[Liberalism]]
* [[Fundamentalism]]


[[de:Rechtspositivismus (de)]]
[[fr:Positivisme (de)]]

Phryne:

{{Stub (eu)}}
[[European Union]] > [[Community law (eu)|Community law]]
[[Image:eu_flag.png|framed|]]
[[Category:European Union]][[Category:Community law (eu)]]



=See also=
{{Find (eu)|"European Medicines Agency"}}
* [[Community law (eu)|European Community law]]
* [[Healthcare reform (de)|Healthcare reform in Germany]]
* [[Healthcare reform (us)|Healthcare reform in the U.S.A.]]


[[de:Europäische Arzneimittelzulassungsbehörde (eu)]]

Phryne: Created page with "{{Stub (us)}} United States of America > Healthcare reform framed| Category:United States of America[[Category:Constitut..."

{{Stub (us)}}
[[United States of America]] > [[Healthcare reform (us)|Healthcare reform]]
[[Image:us_flag.png|framed|]]
[[Category:United States of America]][[Category:Constitutional law (us)]]



=See also=
{{Find (us)|"National Institutes of Health"}}
* [[Healthcare reform (us)|Healthcare reform]]
* [[Center for Disease Control (us)|Center for Disease Control]]
* [[Administrative law (us)|Administrative law]]
* [[National Center of Health (us)|National Center of Health]]
* [[Federal Communication Commission (us)|Federal Communication Commission (FCC)]]
* [[Healthcare reform (de)|Healthcare reform in Germany]]

Phryne: Created page with "{{Stub (us)}} United States of America > Healthcare reform framed| Category:United States of America[[Category:Constitut..."

{{Stub (us)}}
[[United States of America]] > [[Healthcare reform (us)|Healthcare reform]]
[[Image:us_flag.png|framed|]]
[[Category:United States of America]][[Category:Constitutional law (us)]]



=See also=
{{Find (us)|"Center for Disease Control"}}
* [[Healthcare reform (us)|Healthcare reform]]
* [[National Center of Health (us)|National Center of Health]]
* [[Administrative law (us)|Administrative law]]
* [[National Institutes of Health (us)|National Institutes of Health]]
* [[Federal Communication Commission (us)|Federal Communication Commission (FCC)]]
* [[Healthcare reform (de)|Healthcare reform in Germany]]

Phryne:

{{Stub (us)}}
[[United States of America]] > [[Healthcare reform (us)|Healthcare reform]]
[[Image:us_flag.png|framed|]]
[[Category:United States of America]][[Category:Constitutional law (us)]]



=See also=
{{Find (us)|"National Center of Health"}}
* [[Healthcare reform (us)|Healthcare reform]]
* [[Center for Disease Control (us)|Center for Disease Control]]
* [[Administrative law (us)|Administrative law]]
* [[National Institutes of Health (us)|National Institutes of Health]]
* [[Federal Communication Commission (us)|Federal Communication Commission (FCC)]]
* [[Healthcare reform (de)|Healthcare reform in Germany]]
* [[European Medicines Agency (eu)|European Medicines Agency]]

Phryne: Created page with "{{stub (us)}} USA > Constitutional law framed| Category:United States of AmericaCategory:Constitutional law (us) --..."

{{stub (us)}}
[[USA]] > [[Constitutional law (us)|Constitutional law]]
[[Image:us_flag.png|framed|]]
[[Category:United States of America]][[Category:Constitutional law (us)]]
----



=See also=
{{Find (us)|attorney}}
* [[Attorney General (us)|Attorney General]]
* [[Supreme Court (us)|Supreme Court]]
* [[Constitutional rights (us)|Constitutional rights in the U.S.A.]]
* [[Constitution (us)|Constitutions in the U.S.A.]]

Phryne: /* Time limitation */

{{stub}}
[[Main Page]] > [[Civil law]]
[[Image:international.png|framed|]]
[[Category:Civil law]]

Personal injury is a legal term for an injury to the body, mind or emotions, as opposed to an injury to property. The term is most commonly used to refer to a type of [[tort]] lawsuit alleging that the plaintiff's injury has been caused by the negligence of another, but also arises in defamation torts.

The most common types of personal injury claims are road traffic accidents, accidents at work, tripping accidents, assault claims, accidents in the home, product defect accidents ([[product liability]]) and holiday accidents. The term personal injury also incorporates medical and dental accidents (which lead to numerous medical negligence claims every year) and conditions that are often classified as industrial disease cases, including asbestosis and peritoneal mesothelioma, chest diseases (e.g., emphysema, pneumoconiosis, silicosis, chronic bronchitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic obstructive airways disease), vibration white finger, occupational deafness, occupational stress, contact dermititis, and repetitive strain injury cases.

If the negligence of another party can be proved, the injured party may be entitled to monetary compensation from that party. In the [[United States of America|United States]], this system is complex and controversial, with critics calling for various forms of tort reform. [[Attorney (us)|Attorneys]] often represent clients on a "contingency basis," in which the attorney's fee is a percentage of the plaintiff's eventual compensation, payable when the case is resolved. Oftentimes, having an attorney becomes essential because cases become extremely complex, such as in medical malpratice cases.


== Time limitation ==


In [[England]] and [[Wales]], under the limitation rules, where an individual is bringing a claim for compensation, court proceedings must be commenced within 3 years of the date of the accident, failing which the claimant will lose the right to bring his or her claim. However, injured parties who were under the age of 18 at the time of their accidents have until the day prior to their 21st birthdays to commence proceedings. A court has the discretion to extend or waive the limitation period if it is considered equitable to do so. Another exception is if the accident caused an injury, as an example industrial deafness, then the three year period will start from when injured party knew or ought to have known that he or she had a claim.

== Conditional Fee Agreement ==


Legal Aid for personal injury cases was largely abolished in England in the late 1990s and replaced with arrangements whereby the client would be charged no fee if her or his case was unsuccessful (known as No win, no fee).

No win no fee is the term used to describe the [[Conditional Fee Agreement]] (CFA) between a law firm and their client. In a Personal Injury claim, this is an agreement between the client and their lawyer, which will enable the lawyer to take on a personal injury case on the understanding that if they lose the case, the client will not have to pay their lawyer’s costs.

However, if the lawyer wins the case they will be entitled to their standard fee plus an uplift referred to as a success fee. In English law, the success fee cannot be greater than 100% of the lawyer’s standard fee.


== Pain, suffering and loss of amenity ==


The amount of compensation for a personal injury will primarily depend on the severity of the injury. Serious injuries (such as broken bones, severed limbs, brain damage) that cause intense physical pain and suffering will tend to receive the highest injury settlements.

Aside from compensation for injuries, the injured person can also get compensated for how the injuries have affected his or her life. An example, a keen cricketer suffers a wrist injury which prevents him from playing cricket during the cricket season. This can be compensated for, over and above the award for the injury itself. This is called loss of amenity, and the award for loss of amenity is part of the claim for pain, suffering and loss of amenity.

In the same manner the injured person can also be compensated if, as a result of the injuries, there has been an inability to doing work which was previously really enjoyed. This is called loss of congenial employment.


== Structured settlements in personal injury cases ==


Often, the use of a [[structured settlement]] is desired by the injury victim to help protect him or her financially after an injury settlement.

Structured settlements provide injury victims with tax benefits and enable proper financial planning for future needs of the injury victim as a result of the injury.

=Reference=
* [http://www.consoleandhollawell.com/personal-injury-law/ Personal Injury Law]

=See also=
{{find (www)|"personal injury law"}}
* [[Civil law]]
* [[Civil procedure (eu)|Civil procedure in the EU]]


[[de:Schuldrecht bei unerlaubten Handlungen]]

Phryne:

{{Stub (de)}}
[[Federal Republic of Germany]] > [[Administrative law (de)|Administrative law]] > [[Social law (de)|Social law]]
[[Image:de_flag.png|framed|]]
[[Category:Federal Republic of Germany]][[Category:Constitutional law (de)]]


=See also=
{{Find (de)|welfare}}
{{Find (de)|Fürsorge}}
* [[Welfare state (de)|German welfare state]]
* [[Balance of social state (de)|Balance of welfare state in Germany]]
* [[Insolvency law (de)|German insolvency law]]
* [[Law of employment (de)|German law of employment]]
* [[Law of individual employment (de)|German law of individual employment]]
* [[Youth welfare (de)|Youth welfare in Germany]]
* [[Social welfare (de)|Social welfare]]


[[de:Fürsorge (de)]]
[[es:asistencia (de)]]

Hughes-Jehan: Created page with "{{Stub (il)}} Israel > framed Category:IsraelCategory:Medical law (il) =See also= {{find (il)|"Medical law"}} * Medical Negligence (il)|"

{{Stub (il)}}
[[Israel]] >
[[Image:Il flag.png|framed]]
[[Category:Israel]][[Category:Medical law (il)]]



=See also=
{{find (il)|"Medical law"}}
* [[Medical Negligence (il)|Medical Negligence]]

Hughes-Jehan:

{{Stub (il)}}
[[Israel]] > [[Medical law (il)|Medical law]]
[[Image:Il flag.png|framed]]
[[Category:Israel]][[Category:Medical law (il)]]


רשלנות רפואית היא אחת הקטגוריות של עוולת הרשלנות ונמדדת במבחני ס' 35 - 36 לפקודת הנזיקין. גם היא, בדומה לעוולת הרשלנות הכללית, דורשת הוכחתם של שלושה יסודות: חובת זהירות (מושגית וקונקרטית), הפרת החובה, גרם נזק כתוצאה מהפרת החובה. בנוסף, נדרש קשר סיבתי בין הפרת החובה לנזק. לכן, עוולת הרשלנות הרפואית אינה עוולה חדשה למעשה וכך לא נסתר הכלל שאין מוסיפים עוולות חדשות לפקודת הנזיקין בדרך פסיקתית. הסיבה לתחימת קטגוריה נפרדת של רשלנות רפואית בתוך עוולת הרשלנות היא הישנותן של מקרי רשלנות רבים בתחום הרפואי, ואשר הדיון בהם מצריך הגדרה של חובת הזהירות המוטלת על הרופא.

כחלק מעוולת הרשלנות, גם בעוולת הרשלנות הרפואית ניתן לעתים להשתמש בכלל "הדבר מדבר בעד עצמו" (ס' 41 לפקודת הנזיקין) ולהעביר את נטל הראיה לנתבע. בדרך כלל מדובר במקרים בהם רישום רפואי לקוי לא מאפשר לתובע להוכיח את הקשר הסיבתי בין הפרת חובת הזהירות לנזק. במקרים בהם מוכיח התובע כי '''פרטים מסוימים ומוגדרים''' החסרים ברישום הרפואי מונעים ממנו להוכיח כי עקב התרשלות הרופא נגרם לו נזק, יעבור הנטל את הנתבע להוכיח כי לא התרשלותו היא שגרמה לנזקו של התובע.


=See also=
{{find (il)|"Medical Negligence"}}

Hughes-Jehan:

{{Stub (uk)}}
[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|UK]] > [[Constitutional law (uk)|Constitutional law]]
[[Image:uk_flag.png|framed|]]
[[Category:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]][[Category:Constitutional law (uk)]]



=See also=
{{Find (uk)|"Parliament Act"}}
* [[Constitutional law (uk)|Constitutional law]]

Hughes-Jehan:

{{Stub (uk)}}
[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|UK]] > [[Constitutional law (uk)|Constitutional law]]
[[Image:uk_flag.png|framed|]]
[[Category:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]][[Category:Constitutional law (uk)]]



=See also=
{{Find (uk)|"Act of Settlement"}}
* [[Constitutional law (uk)|Constitutional law]]

Hughes-Jehan:

{{Stub (uk)}}
[[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|UK]] > [[Constitutional law (uk)|Constitutional law]]
[[Image:uk_flag.png|framed|]]
[[Category:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland]][[Category:Constitutional law (uk)]]



=See also=
{{Find (uk)|"Bill of Rights"}}

Hughes-Jehan:

{{Stub}}
[[jurisprudence]]
[[Image:international.png|framed|]]
[[Category:jurisprudence]]



=See also=
{{Find (www)|"Magna Charta libertatum"}}


[[fr:Magna Charta libertatum]]
[[de:Magna Charta libertatum]]

Phryne: moved British Chamber of Commerce in Germany (de) to British Chamber of Commerce (de)

{{Stub (de)}}
[[Federal Republic of Germany]] > [[Private law (de)|Private law]] > [[International commercial law (de)|International commercial law]]
[[Image:de_flag.png|framed|]]
[[Category:Federal Republic of Germany]][[Category:Private law (de)]][[Category:International commercial law (de)]]



=See also=
{{Find (de)|"British Chamber of Commerce in Germany" BCCG}}
{{Find (de)|Britische Handelskammer in Deutschland}}
* [[International commercial law (de)|International commercial law in Germany]]
* [[Banking law (de)|German banking law]]
* [[Stock market law (de)|Stock market law in Germany]]
* [[Bond law (de)|German bond law]]
* [[International commercial law (int)|International commercial law]]

[[de:Britische Handelskammer (de)]]

Phryne: Created page with "{{Stub}} Main Page > Philosophy of law framed| Category:Philosophy of law =See also= {{find (www)|grace}} * Jurisprudence * [[Law]..."

{{Stub}}
[[Main Page]] > [[Philosophy of law]]
[[Image:international.png|framed|]]
[[Category:Philosophy of law]]



=See also=
{{find (www)|grace}}
* [[Jurisprudence]]
* [[Law]]
* [[Equity]]
* [[Justice]]
* [[Privilege]]



[[de:Gnade]]
[[fr:Grâce]]
[[es:Gracia]]